DASS-21 (Depression-Anxiety-Stress Scale) is a commonly used self-evaluation scale that evaluates an individual's emotional state in terms of depression, anxiety and stress. It was developed by Lovibond (1995) and has been widely used in many research and clinical practices.
DASS-21 contains three subscales that assess depression, anxiety, and stress. Each subscale consists of 7 items, with a total of 21 items. The subjects responded using a 4-point scale (from 0 to 3 to 3) based on how they felt in the past week. Please read each entry carefully and select the degree option that applies to your situation in each entry based on the past week. Please answer each entry and select no right or wrong.
DASS-21 can help individuals and professionals understand emotional states and provide references, but it is not a tool for diagnosing mental illness. If you are feeling severe emotional distress, consult a professional doctor or mental health professional for help.
illustrate:
- Depression scores of ≤9 are normal, l0 to l3 are mild, 14 to 20 are moderate, 21 to 27 are severe, and ≥28 are very serious;
- Anxiety scores of ≤7 are normal, 8 to 9 are mild, 10 to 14 are moderate, 15 to 19 are severe, and ≥20 are very serious;
- The pressure score is ≤14 and is normal, the pressure score is 15-18 and is mild, the pressure score is 19-25 and the pressure score is moderate, the pressure score is 26-33 and the pressure score is very serious.
References: Gong Xu, Xie Xiyao, Xu Rui, & Luo Yuejia. (2010). Test report of the Simplified Chinese Version of the Depression-Anxiety-Stress Scale (DASS-21) among Chinese College Students. Chinese Journal of Linchuan Psychology, 18(4), 443-446.