What is MBTI personality test? Introduction to Myers-Briggs Type Indicators
Since 1917, MBTI has been considered the most popular personality test method today. MBTI represents the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator, which identifies 16 personality types through a series of multiple-choice questions. This method of personality indicators stems from the taxonomy theory in the book 'Psychological Types' published by Swiss psychiatrist Carl Gustav Jung in 1921, and was developed by Katherine Cook Briggs and her daughter Isabel Briggs Myers during World War II. The initial psychological problems evolved into the Miles-Briggs type indicator and were published in 1962.
The MBTI personality test infers their unique personality based on each person’s answer to the question. MBTI answers the question of why everyone in the world has different personalities and no one is the same. Today, MBTI is becoming more and more popular and is used as a fairly accurate method of personality classification, helping people understand themselves and those around them, or pursue a suitable career.
According to the results of the MBTI test, the subjects will know that they belong to one of the following 16 MBTI personality types , divided into 4 groups of personality roles :
Personality Role Group 1: Analysts (NT) personality
- Architect INTJ personality
- Logician Logician INTP personality
- Commander ENTJ personality
- Debater Debate ENTP personality
Recommended reading: In-depth interpretation of MBTI NT-type analyst personality
Personality Role Group 2: Diplomats Diplomats (NF) personality
- Advovate advocate INFJ personality
- Mediator Mediator INFP personality
- Protagonist protagonist ENFJ personality
- Campainer Campainer ENFP personality
Recommended reading: In-depth interpretation of MBTI NF diplomatic family personality type
Personality Role Group 3: Sentinels Guardian (SJ) personality
- Logistician Logistician ISTJ personality
- Defender Guardian ISFJ personality
- Executive General Manager ESTJ personality
- Consul ESFJ personality
Recommended reading: In-depth interpretation of MBTI SJ type guardian personality type
Personality Role Group 4: Explorers (SP) personality
- Virtuoso connoisseur ISTP personality
- Adventurer Explorer ISFP personality
- Enterpriseur ESTP personality
- Entertainer Performer ESFP personality
Recommended reading: In-depth interpretation of personality types of MBTI SP type explorer
Free MBTI Test Portal
PsycTest Quiz officially provides free MBTI personality tests . If you don’t know what MBTI personality you have, or want to see if your MBTI has changed recently, you can spend a few minutes to conduct a free MBTI test. After the answer is completed, a complete MBTI interpretation report will be given for your personality.
You can also directly reach the test entrance by scanning the MBTI test free entrance QR code below:
The formation and development process of MBTI test
Starting from 370 BC, Hippocrates made the point that from the moment of birth, people formed a unique personality and had a certain tendency to act. Then in 190 AD, Roman doctor Galen further developed this view and became the mainstream idea in the fields of medicine, philosophy, literature, etc., and continued until the 19th century.
In addition, there is a view that people were born as a piece of white paper and could be painted and shaped on it. This concept then became mainstream in the early 20th century. Typical representatives of this school are Ivan Pavlov and John Watson. Researchers also believe that when people have the same motivations, they are essentially the same, which can be instinctive desires (according to Sigmund Freud's theory) or a desire to achieve social solidarity (according to Harry Sullivan's theory).
At this time, existentialists like Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow were supported by psychologists, who also conducted research. As a result, a consensus was reached that humans had a single fundamental motivation.
Back to the MBTI personality test , Katharine Cook Briggs' research originated from her encounter with her future son-in-law in 1917. Observing that his personality is significantly different from other family members, Briggs began to think about a biographical project and then developed four types: meditation (or thoughtful), easygoing, executive, and social.
It happened around the mid-20th century that Isabel Myers , a completely amateur character, accidentally came across Carl Jung 's research books and, with the help of her mother, Kathryn Briggs, successfully created a set of questions that helped shape 16 personality groups . Miles joined her mother’s classification study and gradually took over the study completely.
During World War II, Briggs and Miles began creating personality indicators, believing that understanding personal preferences would help women enter the industrial labor market for the first time.
In 1944, the 'Briggs Myers Type Indicator Manual' was released, and in 1956 it was renamed 'Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI)'. Myers' work attracted the attention of Henry Seansey, head of the educational quiz service, leading to the release of the first MBTI manual in 1962. MBTI also received support from Donald McKinnon, director of the Institute for Personality and Social Studies at the University of California, Berkeley, W. Harold Grant, professor at Michigan State University and Auburn University, and Mary McCauley of the University of Florida.
In 1975, MBTI's copyright was transferred to the Counseling Psychology Press and the Center for Applied Psychology Type Research, which was established as a research laboratory. After Miles died in May 1980, Mary McCauley updated the MBTI manual, and the second edition was published in 1985. The third edition was released in 1998. Due to Myers and Briggs' research, MBTI personality tests have become increasingly popular since the 1990s, with up to one million people participating in the test each year. According to CAPT Center statistics in 2011, the number of document systems for MBTI testing tools increased by 150 times, from 81 documents to 12,140 documents.
Today, MBTI is a widely used tool in the world, available in a variety of different languages. About 80% of Fortune 500 companies use this method to analyze their employees’ personalities and help them find the right position that matches their personalities.
Science-based MBTI personality testing theory
It can be argued that Carl Jung's theory proposed in his 1923 book 'Psychological Types' (first published in German in 1921) was the premise of Briggs' work, when she realized that there were similarities between the two. In this book, Jung believes that humans have four main cognitive functions: thinking, emotions, feelings, and intuition. These functions are very similar to the four binary pairs of later MBTI. However, this theory is based entirely on Jung's subjective observations and personal experience, rather than on objective scientific evidence. He explained that humans have countless instincts that arise from the inside, and we naturally tend to be introvert-extrovert, sensation-intuitive, emotional-thinking.
In his writings, the fourth pair, although implicitly mentioned, was not fully developed. In the book, Jung believes that 'every individual is an exception' (p. 516). This should be remembered that no description of personality types can explain all aspects of a person or the psychology of an individual. In addition, Jung compared his personality model with the points on the compass: “They are equally arbitrary and equally essential”, adding: “I will never give up on this compass during my voyage of psychological exploration” (p. 541).
Later, Myers and Briggs added a fourth element: Judgment-perception (principle/flexibility)-a way of affecting the outside world, and developed a classification system including 16 personality types from the above four criteria. Each of the 16 personality traits classified have different characteristics and attributes. This classification system can not only determine traits, but also help analyze, explain and predict the behavior of different personality traits in an individual.
In 1956, David Keirsey also accidentally came into contact with data on MBTI personality research. When he read the description of his personality, he was excited and decided to conduct research, and in 1978 he published the book 'Please Understand Me' and in 1998 he published 'Please Understand Me II'. These two books immediately became a focus of attention and later became a useful resource for readers interested in MBTI personality testing.
Before learning about Jung's theory, Briggs also developed her hypothesis, according to which individuals can be divided into four main temperament types: meditation, spontaneous, executive, and social. This assumption is also based on her observations of individuals in the family. When Miles and Briggs developed the MBTI assessment, their mission was to make Jung's personality type theory acceptable to the public.
At the same time, anthropological research on human personality (analyzing and predicting personality and behavior by observing facial features) was also reviewed by several other researchers. However, psychology has gradually been dominated by Sigmund Freud 's theory of 'psychodynamics' or Ivan Petrovich Pavlov 's 'conditioned reflex', which has left these studies, as well as Jung's research, forgotten.
4 Personality Classification Criteria in MBTI System
MBTI is based on 4 main criteria, which are 4 pairs of categories surrounding the human worldview and are used to evaluate and analyze human personality.
Natural Trends: Extraverted (E)/Introverted (I)
The I/E person, which is often mentioned, means that the first classification group in the MBTI personality test is the natural tendency group, namely Extraversion/Introversion, which are opposite tendencies. These are the tendency of a person to face his own behavior while facing the external world. This criterion is represented by the first letter in the personality group: E - I, which represents each individual's tendency to use their energy, thinking and emotions.
Introverts are people with a tendency to retreat, including thoughts, emotions, and imagination. Extroverts are people who tend to the outside world, including activities, people and things.
Understanding and perceiving the world: Real sense (S)/Intuition (N)
In the MBTI personality test, a pair of understanding and perceived the world, namely, Sensing/iNtuition, is a tendency for people to show opposition in the way they perceive things and phenomena around them. It represents the second letter in the N or S personality group, and the perception of the world is the tendency of everyone to choose to absorb external information.
Humans understand the world around them through specific senses, for example, vision can recognize colors and images, and smell and hearing will be perceived and analyzed by hearing. Furthermore, these five special senses are arranged in succession, classifying most of the simultaneous real events to easily provide information that occurred in the past.
If you use intuition to perceive the world, the brain is the unit responsible for understanding, interpreting, analyzing and translating information models, collecting all the data streams from them, before and after, and at the same time aligning and correlating these models. At this point, the brain must work as hard as possible to speculate and estimate the future.
S-shaped groups perceive the world through specific sensations such as vision, smell, hearing, images, smell and sound. They are keen to reality and believe in the world perceived through the five senses. In contrast, individuals in the N-type population tend to be more intuitive (including models and imaginations inferred and collated from the data they collect).
Decision and Choice: Thinking (T)/Emotions (F)
In the MBTI personality test, thinking/feeling are two opposite tendencies for people to choose and answer questions. In personality classification, the third letter T or F represents this criterion, which shows the most natural way for everyone to choose and feel when making decisions.
In the human brain, the most considered part is reason, which is the function of finding relevant information based on right and wrong, left and right. Then, the most specific answers are directly given through logical reasoning, and the most reliable and scientific foundation is the most reliable and scientific basis.
In addition, the emotional part will also think about the problem based on the overall emotional problem. These factors affect each other and cannot make clear statements. This is the essence of emotions determined by the brain.
T-type people will make decisions based on the identification of relevant information and correct and wrong criteria. They always give the most accurate and scientific answers through logical reasoning. On the contrary, the F-type people make choices based on feelings such as love, hate, worship, and disgust.
Action mode: Judgement (J)/perception (P)
The last set of MBTI personality tests is the way people choose to show their impact on the outside world. This standard is represented by the fourth letter P or J of the personality category, which represents everyone's lifestyle. People with Judging tendencies like to live in a planned and organized way, like to make conclusions and decisions, people with Perceive tendencies like to live in a spontaneous, adaptive way, and like to keep their choices open.
In this way, a person's brain works according to principles set in advance. To achieve a concrete and prepared plan, everything is handled clearly and naturally. To adapt to the environment and the plans that were previously made, people sometimes have to accept change.
Individuals in Group J act in a principle-based way of action, planning and providing a roadmap in the process of conquering goals. On the contrary, Group P is more flexible and sometimes accepts changes that are contradictory to the original plan to adapt to the actual situation and bring optimal results within a specified time.
4 temperament groups in MBTI
In his books 'Please Understand Me I' and 'Please Understand Me II', Dr. David Keirsey proposed four basic personality temperaments of human beings: artist type, guardian type, idealist type and rational type. The division is based on 8 letters: E (extroversion), I (introversion), S (feeling), N (intuition), F (emotion), T (thinking), J (judgment), and P (perception); and the interaction of two basic quantities that make up human behavior: communication and action, speech and behavior, or more specifically, what we say and what we do. Each temperament has unique advantages and talents.
Communication method: concrete/detailed or abstract/general
First, people talk and like to talk about things they are interested in, and their conversations often revolve around two main trends. Some people focus mainly on facts, i.e. specific affairs, entertainment, family, and their stories and words answer the following questions: who, what, where, when, how. While others focus mainly on their views, abstract concepts, dogmas, assumptions, dreams, beliefs, their stories and words answer the following questions: Why, if, what happens. Meanwhile, maybe people would say these things alternately, but in daily life or most conversations, concrete people talk about facts, and abstract people talk about opinions.
Action mode: Practical/pragmatic or collaborative/collaborative
Secondly, in every turn, people always strive to achieve their goals, and if you look closely, you can find that there are two opposite trends in their actions. Some people act primarily on practicality, they consider the benefits, effects, and outcomes of what they do and only do what they already know how to do. Others act according to cooperation and socially recognized ways, that is, they strive to do the right thing, adhere to norms that the entire society has confirmed and followed, and focus only after the effectiveness of the action. These two behaviors are interchangeable and each person will tend to the tendency to perform and feel the most comfortable. In other words, practical people usually do what works, while cooperative people usually do the right thing.
According to the above criteria, David Keirsey divided the 16 personality types of MBTI into four temperaments:
- As a concrete and cooperative personality, the Guardian (SJ) cares most about what they must care about and worry about, always abide by the rules and respect the rights of others. The SJ group includes ISFJ, ISTJ, ESFJ and ESTJ.
- As abstract and cooperative personality, idealists (NFs) care about the notion that others and communities are concerned with, all their actions must be based on conscience. The most important thing for them is that they have a good relationship and a sense of comfort with everyone in the communication circle. The NF group includes INFJ, INFP, ENFP and ENFJ.
- As a concrete and practical personality, artists (SPs) care about what they see, facts, things that help them achieve their goals quickly and effectively, even if they have to break the rules. The SP group includes ISFP, ISTP, ESFP and ESTP.
- As an abstract and practical personality, rational people (NTs) care about problems and how to solve them. They do things that really work and claim that everything they do is reasonable, highly persuasive, and have their own purposes. If needed, they can ignore existing principles and conventions. The NT group includes INTP, INTJ, ENTP and ENTJ.
MBTI 16 Personality Types Roles
The 16 MBTI personality groups are a harmonious fusion of all four criteria mentioned above. Here is a brief overview of these 16 MBTI personality, including personality traits, strengths, weaknesses, and career advice that suit each group.
1. INTJ-Architect
INTJ personality is an imaginative and strategic thinker, everything is in the plan. Personality tests show that the INTJ community is often considered very smart and mysterious and complex. Therefore, they often exude confidence based on their extensive knowledge in many different fields and angles.
Further reading: Complete analysis of INTJ personality | More interesting articles related to INTJ
2. INTP-Logist
INTP personality is a creative inventor who has an unstoppable desire for knowledge. Like theory, they believe that anything can be analyzed and improved. The secular world and other realities are not what they care about—they think that its enjoyment is insignificant compared to the system of thought or the pursuit of knowledge.
Further reading: Complete analysis of INTP-type personality | More interesting articles related to INTP
3. ENTJ-Commander
ENTJ personality - a bold, imaginative and strong willed leader who can always find or create solutions. The ENTJ group is very attractive. They are rational and sensitive people because they are very capable in guiding and communicate with others in an inspiring way. Among all personality groups, ENTJ has the best leadership skills and they believe that once you have the determination, everything is possible.
Further reading: Complete analysis of ENTJ personality | More interesting articles related to ENTJ
4. ENTP-Defender
ENTP-type personality is a smart and curious thinker who will not give up any intellectual challenges. ENTP is very smart and unique. This trait gives them great advantages in participating in debate, academic and political fields. Furthermore, they also tend to perform well in many other areas where existing ideas are required or a lot of discussion is required.
Further reading: Complete analysis of ENTP-type personality | More interesting articles related to ENTP
5. INFJ-Promoter
The INFJ personality is quiet and mysterious, while inspiring and tireless idealist. The INFJ community often has a firm view, especially on issues they consider important. So if the INFJ group is struggling for something, the main reason is that they have faith in their ideals.
Further reading: Complete analysis of INFJ personality | More interesting articles related to INFJ
6. INFP-Midifier
INFP personality is a poetic and kind altruist who always enthusiastically helps for just reasons. INFP groups are often considered calm and steady. However, their inner passion and passion are still strong, unlike other personality types, they are truly emotional and compassionate.
Further reading: Complete analysis of INFP personality | More interesting articles related to INFP
7. ENFJ-Protagonist
The ENFJ personality is a charismatic and inspiring leader with the ability to fascinate your audience. They play an important role in relationships and are always willing to help others and create positive impacts. Their leadership and care make them successful in a variety of careers and fields.
Further reading: Complete analysis of ENFJ personality | More interesting articles related to ENFJ
8. ENFP-Singer
ENFP-type personality enthusiastic, creative and socially-loving people can always find reasons to smile. The results of personality tests show that ENFPs are curious, idealistic, and mysterious people because they are always looking for meaning and are full of real interest in other people's motivations. So they see life as a very wide horizon with many mysteries, everything is related but not decoded.
Further reading: Complete analysis of ENFP personality | More interesting articles related to ENFP
9. ISTJ-Logistics
ISTJ personality is a practical and fact-oriented individual, and its reliability cannot be doubted. The most popular group in the MBTI personality test is ISTJ. People in this group tend to respect the truth, absorb a lot of information, and remember them for a long time.
Further reading: Complete analysis of ISTJ personality | More interesting articles related to ISTJ
10. ISFJ-Guardian
The ISFJ personality is very focused and warm guardian, always ready to protect the people they love. ISFJs are the most altruistic type, so their career paths usually involve academic, medical, social work or consulting fields. In addition, they have performed well in personnel administration and office positions, and even shine in the field of interior design.
Further reading: Complete analysis of ISFJ personality | More interesting articles related to ISFJ
11. ESTJ-General Manager
The ESTJ personality is an excellent manager who is unparalleled in managing things or people. Inclined to be more principled, traditional and stable. ESTJs feel they need to be attached to something, maybe a family, a community, or other social group. They like to organize others and promise that they will follow traditional rules set by authority. These people are suitable for work in police, bodyguards, firefighters, military personnel, courts, lawyers, health education, counselors and social workers.
Further reading: Complete analysis of ESTJ personality | More interesting articles related to ESTJ
12. ESFJ-Consul
The ESFJ personality is a very compassionate and popular person who loves to interact with and is always enthusiastic to help. ESFJ is a pragmatic, altruistic and good at teamwork. They are also traditional and will do their best to support and defend justice. Therefore, even when taking part in roles such as party hosts or social workers, ESFJs tend to be very engaged.
Further reading: Complete analysis of ESFJ personality | More interesting articles related to ESFJ
13. ISTP-Connoisseur
ISTP personality is a bold and practical experimenter who is good at using any form of tools. The ISTP population has many interesting characteristics. People in this group usually have very reasonable and logical ways of thinking, but sometimes surprise people with unexpected spontaneity and enthusiasm.
Further reading: Complete analysis of ISTP-type personality | More interesting articles related to ISTP
14. ISFP-Explorer
ISFP personality is a flexible and charming artist who is always ready to explore and experience new things. ISFPs are introverted personality, and they are often associated with spontaneity and unpredictability. The unique feature of ISFP is variability.
Further reading: Complete analysis of ISFP-type personality | More interesting articles related to ISFP
15. ESTP-Entrepreneur
ESTP-type personality is a smart, energetic and good at perception, who truly enjoys life on the edge. ESTP is a very united, spontaneous, candid and action-loving group performers. They always find the core of the problem, so ESTPs don't like to participate in theoretical debates or have to think about future things, they focus only on the present and do their best for what they are passionate about.
Further reading: Complete analysis of ESTP-type personality | More interesting articles related to ESTP
16. ESFP-Performer
The ESFP personality is a spontaneous, energetic and enthusiastic performer - living around them is never boring. This group likes to be the focus, but they also enjoy simple things. What they attract others is their joy and passionate nature, so they will never lack ideas, and their curiosity is infinite.
Further reading: Complete analysis of ESFP-type personality | More interesting articles related to ESFP
Psychologists’ concerns about MBTI tests
Despite some achievements in popularity and commercial success in MBTI testing, it has been questioned throughout the psychology community. Few studies have mentioned this test in well-known journals in psychology, except for some articles that are critical of MBTI. The only journal that regularly publishes about MBTI is the Journal of Psychological Types, but the funding for this magazine is provided by the CPP.
Neither Miles nor Briggs received formal training in psychology, and they are self-taught areas of psychological testing. Miles once served as chief human resources officer at a large Philadelphia bank, and later founded the first successful human resources consulting company in the United States. Myers learned the basics of building, scoring, validating and testing statistical methods from Hay.
“There is actually no evidence to support it,” said Adam Grant, an organizational psychologist at the University of Pennsylvania, who has previously written about the shortcomings of the Miles-Briggs test. 'The characteristics measured by this test have almost no predictive power for your happiness, work performance, or marital happiness in a certain situation.' Grant summarized the research that Accommodated: 'Carl Jung was a pioneer of groundbreaking theory and innovative ideas, but much of his work was done before psychology became an empirical science.' Even more frustrating, he noted that Katherine Cook Briggs and Isabel Miles created this framework in their own living room before any established scientific research was conducted.
'This is a flaw, because people cannot simply divide into two categories in any personality dimension; on the contrary, people have many different degrees in this dimension,' said Michael Ashton, a psychology professor at Brock University in Ontario. 'Many personality psychologists believe that MBTI is a relatively effective measurement tool in some important personality traits, but it also has some important limitations.'
Meanwhile, even one psychologist on the CPP’s board did not use MBTI in his own research. 'Part of it is because my academic peers will question it,' Carl Torreson, a psychologist at Stanford University and a member of the CPP board, said in the 2012 Washington Post.
In other words, MBTI is a pure product of speculation and assumptions without any rigorous scientific evidence to support it.
Accuracy of MBTI tests
Effectiveness
Validity refers to whether the assessment tool can accurately measure its audience. In this case, that is, whether the test can accurately identify and classify personality types. The effectiveness of the MBTI test based on Briggs's four binary pairs is not highly recognized.
In fact, human personality should be described in terms of degree, such as being more extroverted or introverted, rather than just two extremes: either introvert or extroverted. Almost no one is absolutely introvert or absolutely extrovert. Most of us are in between these two extremes.
Many questions of MBTI require subjects to choose between two extremes. For example, for the question 'You tend to be sympathetic to others', the answer can only be 'yes' or 'no'.
Most scientific studies have shown that personality classifications also follow statistical standard distributions, i.e., most people are in the middle and only a few are close to the two extremes. Therefore, MBTI cannot accurately reflect human personality in real life.
reliability
Reliability refers to the consistency of the test. If the same person is tested multiple times, the time interval between tests should not be too long and the results should not change. According to this standard, MBTI tests are not satisfactory. Studies show that even if the interval between the two tests is only 5 weeks, 50% of the results of the two tests may be different. In this field, the commonly accepted standard range is 70% to 90%.
applicability
Due to its average validity and reliability, MBTI is only recommended for use in the media or entertainment sector. A 1991 National Academy of Sciences report found that based on data from MBTI research, “there are not enough well-designed studies to demonstrate the value of MBTI in career consulting programs.” The committee stressed the lack of evidence to support the practicality of the test, “the popularity of the tool is disturbing in the absence of proven scientific value.”
Although MBTI is often advertised as an effective tool to determine occupational relevance (determine which occupation you should choose), researchers have confirmed that there is no significant difference in the proportion of individual MBTI groups across occupations, almost equivalent to the proportion of the entire population.
Therefore, MBTI basically cannot predict the possibility of a certain person succeeding in a particular profession. Even if the MBTI document mentions that requiring candidates to take the test as a criteria for selection is inconsistent with corporate ethics and may sometimes be illegal. These documents also discourage the use of MBTI tests to predict individuals' professional success. However, thousands of people seem to ignore these warnings and continue to use this test for wrong purposes.
What can the Miles-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) test do?
People are attracted to MBTI-like tests because they desire to understand themselves and others. “Four dimensions of the MBTI type are useful for describing a person’s personality,” Ashton said.
Even if MBTI results do not fit your intuition or are wrong, they can still provide insight. A former Bridgewater Associates employee did the test and concluded that while MBTI cannot fully describe a person, its value lies in pushing us to 'bridge the gap between the test results and what we really know about ourselves.' Here are some common uses of MBTI testing:
Business-oriented environment:
- Develop leadership;
- Team building;
- Screen and interview employees;
- Career choice;
- Consider team and organizational culture.
Individual-oriented development:
- Self-growth;
- Work with the team;
- Understand stress responses;
- Career development;
- Working relationship;
- Communication method;
- Resolve conflicts;
- Change management;
- Solve the problem.
The difference between MBTI test and other personality classification tools
MBTI and DISC
DISC is a professional professional personality testing tool that identifies individuals’ personality at a specific time by observing their behavior. This tool is based on the research of psychologist William Moulton Marston. Both MBTI and DISC are assessment tools that provide insights into personality and behaviors, and are widely used globally by individuals, organizations and companies. However, there are obvious differences between MBTI and DISC:
- DISC tests are shorter than MBTI (DISC usually has 24-30 problems, while most MBTI tests have 90 problems).
- DISC focuses mainly on four main behavior types. According to DISC theory, each person's personality is in four behavioral patterns: D-dominated, I-influence, S-stable, and C-obedient. DISC uses four main relative personality categories: direct-indirect, task-oriented-person-oriented.
- MBTI assumes that personality is fixed and unchangeable, while DISC believes that different situations and environments may lead to different behavioral characteristics within an individual.
- MBTI mainly indicates people’s internal way of thinking, while DISC measures the relationship between simulated inner personality and external behavior.
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MBTI and BIG FIVE
The Big Five Personality Test (also known as the OCEAN Test) is based on the five most basic aspects of human personality, namely openness to experience (O), responsibility (C), extraversion (E), pleasantness (A), and neuroticism (N). The test has been recognized for more than 100 years and has been tracked and completed by many psychologists. The standard test is statistically designed, measuring five specific features that are fully capable of showing in daily expression, so its effectiveness and reliability are very high.
The difference between Big Five and MBTI is that the Big Five model does not label the individual’s personality type to which group, but rather examines how many percentages or scores the individual has in the above five aspects.
In addition, according to personality psychology, human personality can be analyzed under six models: personality tendency, biology, internal psychology, cognitive/experimental, social and cultural, and adjustment. This means that human personality is fixed from birth, inherited from parents, and changed according to their environment and experience.
Although MBTI is widely used, it is somewhat inflexible in categorizing or marking personality types, neglecting the fact that personality changes over time and environment. Meanwhile, the Big Five model is widely used in research because it does not classify human personality, but marks the continuity of five aspects of their inherent personality, including the changing human personality factors.
Therefore, it can be concluded that the Big Five is more effective and reliable than MBTI because it does not have much difference in its variability.
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MBTI vs. Enneagram
Enneagram , also known as Enneagram, is based on the individual's natural personality traits and the influence of the environment. According to this test, a person's personality is not fixed, but constantly changing according to environmental and external influences. The nine types of Enneagram correspond to certain habits of individual thinking, emotions and behavior, and are divided according to unique development paths: 1-Reformer, 2-Helpful, 3-Achieveer, 4-Independent, 5-Investigator, 6-Loyal, 7-Heard, 8-Challenger, 9-Peacemaker.
MBTI和Enneagram之间最大的区别在于MBTI注重个体天性，而Enneagram更青睐环境的培养。Enneagram在中学阶段的职业定位中如此受欢迎的原因在于它提供了对现有个性和外部影响的双向评估。因此，这个测试的结果更加真实可信。
尽管Enneagram在复杂性上与MBTI相当，但通过“基本恐惧”和“基本欲望”的方法，Enneagram比MBTI更容易设计测试。因此，与MBTI相比，Enneagram的有效性和可靠性相对较好（但与其他工具相比仍然不太有效）。
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MBTI性格测试的定位
尽管伊莎贝尔·布里格斯·迈尔斯最初将测试作为选择职业的工具，但逐渐它变成了在生活的各个方面帮助她的工具。她将其视为追求职业、教育、婚姻和人际关系的重要工具。她声称自己拥有幸福的婚姻生活得益于她对性格类型的感知能力，并解释说，她（INFP人格）和丈夫（ISTJ人格）之间的差异，在使用MBTI测试后，他们很容易理解并同情对方。
这种分类已经成为迈尔斯生活的一部分，她的家人表示，在她生命的最后几年里，她除了MBTI 之外什么也没谈论。她希望人们看到自己的优势，并帮助他们了解自己可以为周围的世界做出最好的贡献。她为推广分类测试所做的不懈努力表明，该工具肯定会给任何访问它的人带来巨大好处。在她生命中最后一次职业活动中，她告诉一位同事：“我希望在我去世很久之后，我的工作将继续帮助人们”。
这不是一个为了准确地对人进行分类而设计的测试，而是一个为了让人们在做完之后感到更快乐而设计的测试。这也是MBTI尽管被心理学排斥但在企业界长期存在的原因之一。归根结底，不是MBTI标签，而是内心审视的力量，可以培养洞察力，有时会激励人们采取措施改变一个人的状况。
MBTI 测试在实践中的溢出效应
MBTI在企业管理中的应用
MBTI性格测试的结果不仅影响个人，而且影响结构复杂的大群体。如果您想领导和管理成功的企业，MBTI 测试是不可或缺的工具。企业管理很大程度上与人力资源管理相关：人员招聘、公司文化或领导者的角色。
Recruitment
MBTI测试是一个帮助招聘人员分析候选人人格的工具，通过将候选人分为16个组别，他们可以了解候选人的优点和缺点。除了专业知识，候选人的个性也非常重要。雇主将依赖测试结果来评估候选人是否适合该组织的环境和人员。这是MBTI测试在人力资源招聘中的一部分。
Human Resources Management
在招聘符合公司文化的候选人时，管理者需要具备人力资源管理的方法和解决方案，以实现最高的工作效率。除了通过MBTI测试分析每个组别的个性外，还需要分析每个组别在工作过程中的表现——这对管理者来说是非常有价值的信息。
人力资源管理中的一个重要标准是对员工的了解。这个标准的目的是了解员工的个性特点，他们对工作压力的反应，他们在团队中的工作方式，以及员工的专注力和创造力。
了解以上因素将帮助管理者将适当的职位和任务分配给相应的个人，制定适当的纪律和奖励标准，组织企业的职业道德以减少员工之间的冲突，并优化整个组织的绩效。
支持企业文化的形成
根据对MBTI测试的应用选择员工，部分为管理者提供了一种定性工具，用于塑造他们的企业和组织性格。基于MBTI的分类系统和其他研究，美国管理科学与发展公司的总裁兼首席执行官斯坦利·D·特鲁斯基于2011年开发了一个成功的企业文化模型——L4模型：
- 合作模式（基于SF人格群体），其关键元素包括合作、团队合作和多样性，是企业文化的重要组成部分。
- 启发模式（基于NF人格群体），其关键元素包括工作挑战、人际关系、职业发展、培训和提高技能，以及激励和启发员工。
- 成就模式（基于NT人格群体），其关键元素包括追求卓越的发现和进步。
- 一致模式（基于ST人格群体），强调纪律在企业文化中的重要性，以实现稳定和持续发展。
MBTI在职业导向中的应用
性格对职业领域影响很大，因此MBTI测试的结果也是针对职业测试而制定和导向的。以下是适合16个MBTI性格群体的工作领域的总结：
- ENFJ – 给予者： 他们适合有很多支持和鼓励的工作环境，特别是在需要与人沟通和理解他人的工作中，如外交官、心理学家、社会工作者、教师、顾问/顾问、人力资源经理、活动组织者、作家。
- ENFP – 冠军： 他们在需要有趣想法并有大量受众长期保留的工作中表现出色，例如顾问、作家、记者、记者、演员、企业家、律师、记者、研究员、程序员，计算机系统分析师。
- ENTJ – 陆军元帅： ENTJ非常适合担任组织和领导的角色，例如企业家、首席执行官、法官、教师。
- ENTP——有远见的人：他们适合在很多领域工作，尤其是那些可以自由追求创造力的领域。ENTP群体适合的职位：律师、顾问、企业家、科学家、工程师、摄影师、销售代表、演员、个人营销人员。
- ESFJ – 提供者： 他们会做好与维护秩序和结构相关的工作，此外，他们觉得做为人们服务的事情很舒服。
- ESFP——表演者： 他们适合能够发挥出色沟通能力的工作，他们不喜欢受到理论的束缚。
- ESTJ – 主管： 他们适合需要建立秩序和结构的工作。
- ESTP——实干家：适合需要思考、快速反应、没有任何复杂规定的角色。
- INFJ – 辅导员： 他们适合与创造有意义的事物的使命相关的职业。
- INFP – 理想主义者：他们应该在能够按照自己的价值观过日常生活的领域工作，同时为人类带来许多美好的事物，例如作家、音乐家、作曲家。
- INTJ – 策划者： 他们通常将自己的职业与独立思考联系起来，并对某事有完整的洞察力。
- INTP – 思考者： 他们应该在独立的工作环境中寻找和分析基本原理和想法。
- ISFJ – 保护者： 他们应该选择能够发挥出色观察力和组织能力的工作。
- ISFP – 作曲家： 世界上大多数著名艺术家都符合ISFP 人格群体。
- ISTJ – 检查员： 他们通过围绕传统特征、权威、安全或逻辑事实的工作最大限度地发挥自己的能力。
- ISTP – 工匠： 他们在独立工作或在具有足够灵活性的环境中表现出最好的水平，在这种环境中他们可以运用出色的推理技能或解决实际问题。
MBTI在教育中的应用
MBTI人格测试或其他人格测试对教师、教练和教育专业人员来说是非常好的工具。MBTI将人格分为16个不同的类型，为他们提供了一种标准的系统来分类人格，并认识到学生们的趋势和天赋，从而为每种人格类型制定具体的方向。
Myers-Briggs类型指标测试还帮助每个个体更好地了解自己，以便能够充当自己的教练，找到最有效的学习方式，并选择未来发展的方向。此外，MBTI测试为个人和教育机构提供了有效的软技能指导，如团队合作能力、解决问题能力、冲突解决能力和领导力。
总之，MBTI测试在教育领域的支持包括教学和学习方法、不同层次的课程专业化，以及将教育和培训适应不同的文化。
Summarize
我相信你当你读到这里，关于MBTI 16型人格测试的一切，你已经完全了解。PsycTest Quiz官方博客提供了更多MBTI相关的内容，等待你去探索！
Don’t know your MBTI personality type? PsycTest Quiz提供免费的MBTI人格测试： www.psyctest.cn/mbti ，如果你对MBTI也感兴趣，欢迎访问PsycTest Quiz获取更多精彩内容。
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