The Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) is a commonly used depressive symptom assessment tool designed to measure a person's level of depression over the past two weeks. The BDI was designed by psychologist Aaron T. Beck and colleagues and first published in 1961. BDI-IA is the initial version of BDI. It has been revised and improved many times and now has the BDI-II version. BDI-IA contains a total ...

BDSM is a term used to describe a number of related patterns of human sexual behavior, and it has attracted a lot of attention in the alphabet community. BDSM is the combination of the first characters of bondage & discipline (BD), dominance & submission (DS), sadism & masochism (SM). These terms are widely discussed in modern society and are not limited to discussions of sexual prefer...

BDI-SF (Beck Depression Inventory Short Form), also known as Beck Depression Rating Scale, was compiled by the famous American psychologist Beck AT in the 1960s and has since been widely used. in clinical epidemiological investigations. The early version of BDI had 21 items, and its items were derived from clinical practice. Later it was discovered that some patients with depression, especially t...

The Burns Depression Checklist (BDC) is a self-diagnostic tool designed by Dr. David D. Burns, a new generation of American psychotherapist and University of Pennsylvania, to help people quickly assess whether they have depressive symptoms. This self-diagnosis form is based on Dr. Burns' experience and expertise in the research and treatment of depression. It uses a series of questions and assess...

The Narcissistic Personality Inventory (NPI) is a commonly used psychometric tool to measure narcissistic personality traits. Originally developed by Raskin and Hall in 1979 with some revisions and improvements. Among them, NPI-16 is a simplified version of NPI, proposed by Ames, Rose and Anderson in 2006. The NPI-16 is a 16-item scale designed to measure an individual's tendency toward narcissis...

The Adaptive Narcissism Scale (ANS) is a psychometric tool used to measure adaptive narcissism. Adaptive narcissism refers to a tendency of self-evaluation, including pride in oneself, self-confidence in oneself, recognition of one's own merits and sense of accomplishment, while maintaining the ability to pay appropriate attention to and respect others. Although the word narcissism often has nega...

Narcissism is a psychological illness and a personality disorder. What we call 'narcissism' in daily life has a different definition in psychology. Narcissism refers to an individual using the image of his own body as a sexual object. His sexual orientation is sexual, and he is himself, and he has a strong sexual desire for his own image. Usually the object of sexual desire is a mirror image, a ph...

Sadomasochism is a sexual activity that combines pleasure with pain, or a sexual activity that derives pleasure from pain. Sadomasochism is often abbreviated as SM, and is often confused with the term BDSM (bondage and training, dominance and submission, sadism and masochism), but they are similar but not completely consistent concepts. The most important principle for engaging in sadomasochistic...

The Enneagram is a unique and in-depth psychological tool that helps people understand their personality traits, behavioral patterns, and relationships with others. Through the Enneagram test, you can discover your main personality type and understand your inner motivations and coping strategies. This article will provide an in-depth analysis of the Enneagram personality test, revealing the charac...

Welcome to the Enneagram Test! This is a psychological theory that describes human personality traits and behavioral patterns. According to the Enneagram theory, each person is classified into nine different personality types, each with its own unique characteristics, motivations, and behavioral patterns. This test is a free beta version of the Enneagram test questionnaire, with a total of 36 ques...