Childhood Emotional Neglect (CEN) refers to a situation in which a child's emotional needs and emotional expression are ignored, ignored, or ineffectively met as they grow up. This neglect may be intentional or unintentional, but regardless, it has a negative impact on the child's emotional development and health.
Childhood emotional neglect does not refer to physical abuse or neglect, but rather...
Bullying is defined as malicious behavior that occurs in a school environment in which one student or a group of students intentionally targets another student physically, verbally, socially, or online. Here are some common bullying situations in schools:
1. Verbal Bullying: This is one of the most common forms of bullying. It includes the use of verbal behaviors such as ridicule, insults, humili...
The DASS-21 (Depression-Anxiety-Stress Scale) is a commonly used self-report scale used to assess an individual's emotional state in terms of depression, anxiety, and stress. It was developed by Lovibond (1995) and has been widely used in many studies and clinical practice.
The DASS-21 contains three subscales that assess depression, anxiety, and stress respectively. Each subscale consists of 7 i...
The General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSES) is a scale used to measure an individual's overall self-confidence in dealing with various environmental challenges or facing new things. It was compiled by German psychologist Professor Ralf Schwarzer and his colleagues in 1981. It has been translated into many languages and is widely used internationally. This scale has 10 items in total, involving aspects ...
The Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale (SES) was originally designed to assess adolescents' overall feelings of self-worth and self-acceptance.
The Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale is a psychometric tool commonly used to measure an individual's self-esteem level. This scale was developed by American social psychologist Morris Rosenberg in 1965 and is widely used in the fields of psychology and social science...
Eysenck's Emotional Stability Scale (EES) is a psychological measurement tool developed by British psychologist Hans Eysenck and is designed to assess an individual's emotional stability level.
Eysenck is a professor of psychology at the University of London in the United Kingdom. He is one of the most famous psychologists in contemporary times and has compiled a variety of psychological tests. T...
Depression is a serious psychological disorder that often manifests as low mood, loss of interest and pleasure, self-denial, self-blame, and a sense of helplessness, and even suicidal thoughts and behaviors. Symptoms of depression may affect a person's sleep, eating, and daily activities, placing a significant burden on daily life.
The causes of depression may be multifactorial and include biolog...
Narcissistic Personality Disorder (NPD) is a psychiatrically defined psychological disorder characterized by extreme self-centeredness, manipulation of others, and a lack of empathy. In order to help more people understand their narcissistic traits and possible NPD risks, the NPI-16 Narcissistic Personality Inventory provides a scientific and efficient assessment method.
Take the NPI-16 Narcissis...
The SAS Self-Rating Anxiety Scale is a standard for anxiety assessment. It is a psychological scale used to measure the severity of anxiety and its changes during treatment. It can help psychological counselors, psychiatrists, and psychiatrists assess the severity of individual anxiety and changes during treatment. It can be used to assess effectiveness during treatment but should not be used to d...
The Depression Self-Rating Scale for Children (DSRSC) is a questionnaire about children's understanding of depression and their own depression status. It contains 18 items in total. The number of items is small, and the content is simple and easy to evaluate. Easy for children to understand. It is suitable for children aged 8 to 13 to self-assess their depressive symptoms.
Childhood depressive di...
