BDI-SF (Beck Depression Inventory Short Form), also known as Beck Depression Rating Scale, was compiled by the famous American psychologist Beck AT in the 1960s and has since been widely used. in clinical epidemiological investigations.
The early version of BDI had 21 items, and its items were derived from clinical practice. Later it was discovered that some patients with depression, especially t...
Psychological Resilience Scale is a commonly used psychological assessment tool used to measure an individual's ability to cope and recover when facing stress, adversity and challenges. It helps researchers and clinical professionals understand individuals' psychological adaptability and coping strategies in difficult situations.
Mental toughness scales usually consist of a series of questions or...
Nine-item self-rating depressive symptoms scale (Patient Health Questionnaire-9, referred to as PHQ-9).
The PHQ-9 is a simple, effective depressive symptom assessment tool that is widely used in clinical and research fields. It consists of nine questions covering nine common depressive symptoms, including low mood, loss of interest or happiness, sleep problems, feelings of fatigue, changes in app...
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) is a common mental disorder characterized by persistent and uncontrollable obsessions and compulsive behaviors. Obsessions are recurring, disturbing thoughts, impulses, or images, while compulsions are repetitive behaviors or rituals performed to relieve these disturbances.
Obsessions are often related to fears, anxieties, or doubts, and compulsions are behavio...
